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 Author: ELAINE BOOTEN EDDIE BOOTEN
 Based on unit by: EDDIE BOOTEN
 Date Created: 6/20/2006 7:51:00 PM EDT
 
What Are Your Chances?
VITAL INFORMATION
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Subject(s):
Mathematics, Science, Technology

Grade/Level:
8

Time Required:
3-4 45 MINUTE CLASS PERIODS

Objective(s):
1. To understand how a trait is passed from generation to generation.
2. To review probability and the uses thereof.
3. To introduce the programming language of VRML, and use computers to verify an experiment.

Summary:
The students will be introduced to the programming language of VRML and it's possibilities. They will also have a review of probability. Then they are introduced to genetics by using probability to show how traits are shared between people.

IMPLEMENTATION
Learning Activities:
1.  Punnett Square
 
 
2.  Probabilty
 


Resources and Unit Handouts:
  • Materials and resources:
    PROBABILITY WORKSHEET
    SKITTLES TABLE
    CEREAL TABLE
    BLANK PAPER
    BAGS SKITTLES-2.17 OZ. (1 PER STUDENT OR 1 FOR GROUP OF 3)
    BAGS M & M'S-1.69 OZ (PLAIN)-SAME AMOUT AS SKITTLES
    PLATES
    CUPS
    GENETIC HANDOUTS
    POWERPOINT PRESENTATION-BOTH PROBABILITY AND GENETICS
  • Technology resources:
    Internet Explorer, PowerPoint, CORONA V.2.0
    TEXTPAD
    LCD PROJECTOR
  • The number of computers required is 1 per student.
  • Students Familiarity with Software Tool:
    ABILITY TO ACCESS INTERNET AND TYPE IN WEB ADDRESS ON EDPROB1.PPT


d
STANDARDS
d
Standards addressed by unit:
WV- West Virginia Content Standards and Objectives
• Subject Math
• Grade or Course Eighth Grade
• Standard Standard 5: Data Analysis and Probability (MA.S.5)
Students will:
 Detail formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer them;
 Detail select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data; develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on models; and
 Detail apply and demonstrate an understanding of basic concepts of probability through communication, representation, reasoning and proof, problem solving, and making connections within and beyond the field of mathematics.
 Objective MA.8.5.4 analyze problem situations, games of chance, and consumer applications using statistical samplings to determine probability and make predictions.
 Objective MA.8.5.2 investigate the experimental and theoretical probability, including compound probability of an event.
• Subject Science
• Grade or Course Eighth Grade
• Standard Standard 4: Science Subject Matter/Concepts (SC.S.4)
Students will:
 Objective SC.8.4.6 analyze how behaviors of organisms lead to species continuity (e.g., reproductive/mating behaviors, seed dispersal).
 Objective SC.8.4.7 demonstrate the basic principles of genetics to include Mendel’s laws, DNA, monohybrid crosses, production of sperm and egg, production of body cells, genes, chromosomes, inherited traits.
 Detail demonstrate knowledge, understanding and applications of scientific facts, concepts, principles, theories and models as delineated in the objectives;
 Detail demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships among physics, chemistry, biology and the earth and space sciences; and
 Detail apply knowledge, understanding and skills of science subject matter/concepts to daily life experiences.
• Standard Standard 3: Unifying Themes (SC.S.3)
Students will:
 Objective SC.8.3.3 compare and contrast changes that occur in an object or a system to its original state.
• Standard Standard 2: Science as Inquiry (SC.S.2)
Students will:
 Objective SC.8.2.7 construct and use charts, graphs and tables to organize, display, interpret, analyze and explain data.
• Standard Standard 3: Unifying Themes (SC.S.3)
Students will:
 Detail demonstrate the ability to draw conclusions about and predict changes in natural and designed systems.
• Standard Standard 2: Science as Inquiry (SC.S.2)
Students will:
 Detail demonstrate the abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry;
 Detail demonstrate the ability to think and act as scientists by engaging in active inquiries, investigations and hands-on activities a minimum of 50% of the instructional time.
 Objective SC.8.2.6 utilize experimentation to demonstrate scientific processes and thinking skills (e.g., formulating questions, predicting, forming hypotheses, quantifying, identifying dependent and independent variables).
• Standard Standard 3: Unifying Themes (SC.S.3)
Students will:
 Detail demonstrate an understanding of interdependent themes present in the natural and designed world (e.g., systems, order and organization; evidence, models and explanation; constancy, change and measurement; equilibrium and evolution; form and function);
• Standard Standard 2: Science as Inquiry (SC.S.2)
Students will:
 Detail demonstrate understanding about scientific inquiry; and
• Standard Standard 3: Unifying Themes (SC.S.3)
Students will:
 Detail demonstrate the ability to identify, construct, test, analyze and evaluate systems, models, and changes; and
 Objective SC.8.3.2 construct a variety of useful models of an object, event, or process.
• Subject Technology
• Grade or Course Eighth Grade
• Standard Standard 6: Technology Problem-solving and Decision-making Tools (TEC.S.6)
Students will:
 Objective TEC.8.6.1 select and use technology tools to solve problems and make decisions related to content areas.
 Detail use technology resources for solving problems and making informed decisions; and
 Detail employ technology in the development of strategies for solving problems in the real world.
Standards compiled from learning activities:
International- Intl. Technology Education Association: Standards for Technology Literacy
• Category The Nature of Technology
• Standard 2Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts of technology.
• Grade Range 6-8
 Benchmark MTechnological systems include input, processes, output, and at times,feedback.
The input consistsof the resources that flow into a technological system. The preocessis the systematic sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output- encodingm reproducing, designing or propagating, for example. The output is the end result, which can have either a positive or negative impact. Feedback is information used to monitor or control a system. A system often includes a component that permits revising or refining the system when the feedback informaiton suggests such action. For example, the fuel level indicator of a car is a feedback system that lets the user know when the system needs additonal fuel.

WV- West Virginia Content Standards and Objectives
• Subject Math
• Grade or Course Eighth Grade
• Standard Standard 5: Data Analysis and Probability (MA.S.5)
Students will:
 Objective MA.8.5.2 investigate the experimental and theoretical probability, including compound probability of an event.
 Objective MA.8.5.4 analyze problem situations, games of chance, and consumer applications using statistical samplings to determine probability and make predictions.
• Subject Science
• Grade or Course Eighth Grade
• Standard Standard 2: Science as Inquiry (SC.S.2)
Students will:
 Objective SC.8.2.6 utilize experimentation to demonstrate scientific processes and thinking skills (e.g., formulating questions, predicting, forming hypotheses, quantifying, identifying dependent and independent variables).
 Objective SC.8.2.7 construct and use charts, graphs and tables to organize, display, interpret, analyze and explain data.
• Standard Standard 3: Unifying Themes (SC.S.3)
Students will:
 Objective SC.8.3.2 construct a variety of useful models of an object, event, or process.
 Objective SC.8.3.3 compare and contrast changes that occur in an object or a system to its original state.
• Standard Standard 4: Science Subject Matter/Concepts (SC.S.4)
Students will:
 Objective SC.8.4.6 analyze how behaviors of organisms lead to species continuity (e.g., reproductive/mating behaviors, seed dispersal).
 Objective SC.8.4.7 demonstrate the basic principles of genetics to include Mendel’s laws, DNA, monohybrid crosses, production of sperm and egg, production of body cells, genes, chromosomes, inherited traits.
• Subject Technology
• Grade or Course Eighth Grade
• Standard Standard 6: Technology Problem-solving and Decision-making Tools (TEC.S.6)
Students will:
 Objective TEC.8.6.1 select and use technology tools to solve problems and make decisions related to content areas.

USA- ISTE: National Educational Technology Standards (NETS) for All Teachers
copyright © 2000, ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education), 800.336.5191 (U.S. & Canada) or 541.302.3777 (Int’l), iste@iste.org, www.iste.org. All rights reserved. For more information about the NETS Project, contact Lajeane Thomas, Director, NETS Project, 318.257.3923, lthomas@latech.edu. Reprint permission does not constitute an endorsement by ISTE or the NETS Project.
• Standard ITechnology Operations and Concepts
Teachers demonstrate a sound understanding of technology operations and concepts.
 Performance Indicator Ademonstrate introductory knowledge, skills, and understanding of concepts related to technology (as described in the ISTE National Education Technology Standards for Students).
• Standard IIPlanning And Designing Learning Environments and Experiences.
Teachers plan and design effective learning environments and experiences supported by technology
 Performance Indicator DPlan for the management of technology resources within the context of learning activities.
• Standard IVAssessment and Evaluation.
Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of effective assessment and evaluation strategies.
 Performance Indicator AApply technology in assessing student learning of subject matter using a variety of assessment techniques.

USA- National Science Education Standards - Teaching Standards
• Standard ATeachers of science plan an inquiry-based science program for their students.
 Benchmark Select teaching and assessment strategies that support the development of student understanding and nurture a community of science learners
• Standard CTeachers of science engage in ongoing assessment of their teaching and of student learning.
 Benchmark Analyze assessment data to guide teaching.

USA- ITEA/CTTE/NCATE Curriculum Standards for Initial Programs in Technology Teacher Education
• Standard 7 INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
Technology teacher education program candidates use a variety of effective teaching practices that enhance and extend learning of technology.
• Area Knowledge Indicators:
 Indicator Base instruction on contemporary teaching strategies that are consistent with Standards for Technological Literacy.
 Indicator Compare a variety of instructional strategies to maximize student learning about technology.
• Area Performance Indicators:
 Indicator Apply appropriate instructional technology materials, tools, equipment, and processes to enhance student learning about technology instruction.